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Dna And The Human Insulin Gene - 843 Words

After preparing the target DNA, scientists then insert the insulin gene into the plasmid ring. Prior to insertion, the plasmid must be cut open. Special enzymes are required to cut DNA; these enzymes are generally referred to as restriction enzymes (Rediscovering Biology, 2013). After the plasmid is prepared, scientists insert the insulin gene into the ring. The ring is then closed. The human insulin gene is now recombined with the bacterial DNA plasmid. Now that the bacterial DNA contains the human insulin gene, it’s inserted into a certain variety of bacteria. It’s important for scientists to verify the success of their gene transfer to ensure that it’s capable of being reproduced. To make certain, scientists will insert the insulin gene along with a gene coding for antibiotic resistance onto a plasmid. The engineered bacteria will then be grown in a lab using a special gel that contains the antibiotic and other nutrients required for growth. Only bacterial cel ls containing the antibiotic resistance gene that survive are considered successful (Recombinant DNA, 2004). Multiple plasmids are inserted into each bacterial cell, improving the chances of success in terms of insulin production. As the bacteria cell thrives and begins to reproduce, its inner processes activate the gene for human insulin prompting insulin production (Kamionka, 2011). As the cells reproduce, so too does the human insulin gene. Finally, these bacteria-produced human insulin protein molecules areShow MoreRelatedEssay On Dna Methylation1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribe DNA methylation and gene expression of SLC22A1, SLC22A3, and SLC47A1, which respectively encode the three metformin transporters OCT1, OCT3, and MATE1, in the human liver. In agreement with a previous study where OCT1 was found to be the most expressed drug transporter in the liver [15], we found higher mRNA expression of SLC22A1 than SLC22A3 (Additional file 1: Figure S2A). SLC47A1 was also highly exp ressed in the liver, as previously reported [16]. Metformin transporter genes have beenRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesengineers don t make new genes, they rearrange existing ones† says George Mason University Professor of Environmental Sciences,Dr.Thomas Lovejoy(TodayInSci, 2014).Genetic Modifications (GM) have been a topical interest among the field of biotechnology, in which modern techniques directly manipulate genomes allowingthe transfer of specific trait genes from one organism to be inserted into another organism changing its genes. In doing so, an organism with the transferred gene may express the traits thatRead MoreWhat Is Genetic Engineering?954 Words   |  4 Pagesthe transferring a specific traits- genes from one organism to the other- this could be a plant or an animal. It is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genes- the genetic material. What is genetic engineering used for? It is used to change the genetic makeup of cells which spontaneously includes the transfer of genes within and across species. Genetic engineering is also used to mass produce insulin, human growth hormones, follistim (which isRead MoreUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Title: Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids (A.C. 5.1 and 5.2) The human body is made up of trillions of cells and each cell has a nucleus, filled inside with chromosomes made of a long string of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) wrapped around a special protein called histone (American cancer society 2014). According to Cancer Research UK (2014) DNA by itself is made up of thousands of genes, which are a coded message that tell the cell how to behave and divide. As such if the signals are missing, cellsRead MoreThe Human Of Recombinant Bacteria1649 Words   |  7 Pagesis a bacterium cell that has had its genome changed, by the alteration, or edition of a gene. Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially prepared by cutting DNA into smaller fragments and joining fragments together, that would not normally be found together naturally- even fragments taken from different organisms.( Principles of Gene Manipulation sixth edition, S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W. Old ) DNA can be cut using the enzyme Restriction endonuclease, which recognises a specific sequenceRead MoreThe Use Of Recombinant Dna For Science And Medicine909 Words   |  4 Pagesrecombinant DNA technology has been a huge advancement to science. In the early 1970s the first recombinant DNA was produced (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013). Researchers Stanley Cohen and Hebert Boyer used restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and then fused them back together to form their recombinant vector (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013; Cederbaum, S., et al., 1984). Through transformation the vector is then inserted into a host cell to amplify their hybrid DNA, also known as recombinant DNA (â€Å"1972 First†Read MoreEssay about The Use of Recombinant DNA Technology844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA technology is the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism.(1) This is the process of using recombinant DNA technology to enable the rapid production of human protein from a single gene of insulin. Firstly the single gene required must be isolated. This can be done three ways: Either by working backwards from the protein-Read MoreThe Role Dna Serves For The Human Cell1267 Words   |  6 Pages The Role DNA Serves For The Human Cell Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) accommodates a variety of purposes, including data storage and replication, in the human cell and in the cells of many other organisms. DNA in a human cell is primarily responsible for storing genetic information that is utilized to control virtually every aspect of cellular expression. This genetic information is passed down from parents to progeny, resulting in progeny with some genetic traits of each parent. DNA is withal replicatedRead MoreEthical And Social Problems Of Genetic Engineering1478 Words   |  6 PagesEngineering is the process of manipulating the genome of an organism such as bacteria, insulin, brown rice and etc using biotechnology. Genetic Engineering is developed to make cell growth faster, increase production, and protect against diseases. An organism that is produced through Genetic Engineering is called Genetically Modified Organism or GMO. The first GMO was a bacterium produced in 1973 in a lab and in 1982 Insulin became the fi rst GMO commercialized product available to the public. In the 21stRead MoreThe Discovery, Process, And Applications Of Transgenic Bacteria1416 Words   |  6 PagesTransgenic bacteria, or genetically modified bacteria, is a type of recombinant DNA organism which uses bacteria as the host for inserting an exogenous gene. This biotechnology has been most widely utilized in medication with a great contribution to the progress of today’s medical science and pharmacy. This research paper introduces the discovery, process, and applications of transgenic bacteria. Furthermore, its advantages, disadvantages, and future directions will also be discussed. In 1953,

The Wrong Side of Attraction Free Essays

â€Å"Love Can Be Deceiving†, most people would say, but Tommy Shooter did not believe so. A General in the United States Marines in his mid-30’s, Tommy was muscular, quick-tempered, highly trained sniper. One day Tommy led his troops to Afghanistan in search of terrorists when they were ambushed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Wrong Side of Attraction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tommy was shot in the leg during this and, the medics quickly carried him and his other injured soldiers to the chopper where they were air lifted to the military hospital in Paris, France. Upon arriving at the hospital, the doctors took Tommy to a room for emergency surgery. Dr. Scholl’s Ph. D. , calls for his top nurse to come and assist him. Walking into the room with her candy stripe nurses uniform, was a mid-20s Italian brunette woman with hazel green eyes and a smile to brighten any man’s day. Smitten with love at first sight, Tommy tried repeatedly to gain Blair’s attention. Blair growing up in a wealthy family was very independent and did not want to have to live on her family’s fortune. Blair wanted to work and make her own money. Her dream was to become a Certified Nurse in a big city. She found her dream job in Paris miles away from her family back in Italy. Blair saw Tommy as a cocky general, who always tried to sweet talk her. Every morning when Blair entered his room, the first thing she dreaded to hear from Tommy was â€Å"Hello Nurse†!!!!!! Tommy wore the biggest smile after yelling this to her. After a while, she began to enjoy hearing him say that to her. â€Å"At least I know he has great taste†, Blair would always say. Tommy was held in the hospital for a month before being released, but every morning he would come to Blair with his â€Å"Hello Nurse† and twelve dozen roses, before leaving he always told Blair that she would be his wife. Blair found his persistence very attractive, so she decided to give him a chance; they were married under the Eiffel Tower, and they settled in and off base fancy townhouse flat near every tourist attraction and venue in the heart of Paris, France. They love their new home, marriage, and romantic Paris atmosphere. One day Blair opens her mailbox to find a â€Å"FREE Two Person Admission† to The Number One Magic Show in Paris, France. The night of June Fourteenth two-thousand seven, Tommy received a call that would change everything for Blair and him. He was to be deployed back to Afghanistan. Tommy was not surprised, but he did not know how to tell Blair, since it was the night before their one year anniversary. Upon departure, Tommy says to Blair that he is in love with her and that he would love for her to enjoy herself at the show even though he will not be there, but he will come back home to her soon. After Tommy’s departure, Blair decides to pick up her tears and to enjoy the Paris scenery. Leaving her townhouse flat, Blair sits to an outside restaurant and helps herself to a meal. As the night falls, Blair decides to attend the magic show. â€Å"I will write Tommy as soon as I get home to tell him about my day†. Blair says sipping her martini. â€Å"Hello my name is Johnny Chan and this is my friend Natasha McBain. There before her stood a good-looking low-musculared Asian man. â€Å"Hi my name is Blair Shooter, I am a LPN at the Paris Military Hospital, what about you guys†, Blair says with a smile. â€Å"I have recently opened a Computer Technician’s Store and if you need your computer or laptop fixed, don’t hesitate to let me know. FREE of Charge first visit,† Johnny says sipping his beer. â€Å"Hello my name is Natasha McBain she wore dark-blonde hair as if painted by an artist, curvaceous , and in her early thirties. I’m a supermodel in every top magazine, and it’s so nice to meet you. † Blair did not really like Natasha but enjoyed her and Johnny’s company. Suddenly, the lights dims, â€Å"Good Evening Ladies and Gentlemen, my name is Michael Dunn and I am your magician for tonight prepare to be amazed!!!! † Blair was very amazed not at the show, but with her love of magic and mystery Blair saw most of the tricks. The disappearing act, cutting the box in half, and the pulling the rabbit out of the hat trick, but Blair’s attention was on Michael himself. This white debonair magician, â€Å"Looks like he’s in his mid-twenties†, Blair says to herself. â€Å"And for my last trick ladies and gentlemen, I will need one volunteer, How about you miss†, Michael says smiling at Blair. â€Å"Why not, I love magic† Blair says. â€Å"Great I am going to hypnotize you with your consent or course†, Michael says. â€Å"Of course,† Blair says before falling asleep. The crowd clasp and Blair becomes awakened, blinded by the spotlight Blair smiles confusingly and sits back in her seat. She’s was puzzled without any recollection of the trick or anything. After the show, Blair could only think of Michael, he approached her before she went out of the theatre. â€Å"I know you feel this connection between us†, Blair looked into Michael’s eyes. â€Å"Yes† she says. That night, Blair slepted in Michael’s arms, as if she was with her true love. â€Å" Be Careful Who You Fall For† â€Å"It has been two years, and I am ready to see my wife. PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) will not hold me down, my wife’s love can heal me†, Tommy says to himself. Departing the plane he notices that Blair is not there to greet him, puzzled he catches a cab to his townhouse flat. â€Å"Honey, I’m here!!! Tommy yells to find her not there. â€Å"I wonder where she could be Tommy thought to himself. Two months pass and Blair finally enters their townhouse flat. â€Å"WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN!!!? † Tommy yells. Nonchalantly Blair says â€Å"Oh with friends, and when did you get here umm Tommy, yeah that’s right, as if forgetting his name. â€Å"Friends for two months!!! Tommy snarled â€Å"Yes† Blair smiled. â€Å"I am not going to argue with you umm Tommy I’m going out we will talk later† Blair says slamming the door behind her. Suspicious Tommy follows his wife to a Magic Theatre, walking closer Tommy hears his wife involved with another man. Love can be deceiving,†Tommy says leaving the theatre he gets into his car and grabs his pistol thinking to himself. â€Å"I am confused, broken-hearted and in rage†¦I will kill him, and her† â€Å"NO!!.. † â€Å"I need a drink†, Tommy says getting back into his car he drives to the bar near his home. At the bar, drowning in liquior, Tommy is approached by this gorgeous, dark blonde-haired, blue eyes, curvaceous woman. â€Å"Hi do you need a friend my name is Natasha McBain, I noticed that you seem in need of someone to talk to as well as I do†. â€Å"That’s fine†, Michael says gathering his attention back to his drink. Tommy and Natasha confide in one another over the night, Natasha tells Tommy of her on again off again friend/lover Johnny Chan, and Tommy confides to Natasha by telling her of his wife’s betrayal, his marriage, and uncertain future. â€Å"I will fight for my marriage!! †, Tommy says in a drunken bluster. As the time passes they comforted each other physically and emotionally, and the next morning Natasha was gone. Without any sign from Blair, Tommy grabs his rifle and sets out to her lovers place. Seven o’ clock that morning, Tommy wakes to hear Blair’s laughter. Posted above the roof-top across the street from Blair and her lovers place, Tommy quickly wiped his eyes and perched himself across the ledge with his rifle assembled and aimed. As Tommy looks in the scope to pull the trigger on Michael, Blair jumps into the shot hugging and kissing Michael. Tommy heart drops â€Å"this was a waste of my time, maybe I should just let her be with him†, Tommy says packing up his gun. â€Å"NONSENSE† a voice in the shadows says. â€Å"Who is that? Who is there†, Tommy says frightened. â€Å"Pardon me sir, I would love to offer you a deal in your dilemma,† says the stranger. That man you tried killing. I can give you all of the power you can ever imagine, all you have to do is succeed in eliminating him. He’s cheating with your wife and that’s not right, I will give you a more powerful life.. a better life†¦his life†, says the stranger . â€Å" Who are you and how do you know what I am going through? † Tommy yells. â€Å"My apologies†, the stranger says, my name is Steven Clay appearing from the shadows there stood a very big intimidating, white male with long straight black hair, and piercing wicked green eyes, which made Tommy’s hair stand on the back of his neck and he begin to sweat. That man you tried to kill, his name is Michael Dunn, he is an imposter, he is not a true sorcerer†, says Steven. That night at his little Magic Show, he hypnotized your wife and she fell in love with him. † â€Å"I will not allow him to trick anyone into falling in love with them, that is against the rules and he knows that. † â€Å"A master of the arts, my mentor, and my teacher,† says Steven, BUT when it comes to women he is a fool always that is when a true sorcerer is truly weak and vulnerable,† Steven says smiling at Tommy. What do you want me to do? † Tommy says looking at Steven. â€Å"The deal is for you to come her again in the morning and shoot him again I will give you a special bullet. When Michael Dunn is dead I will know, then and ONLY then will I make you immortal. † â€Å"BUT if you FAIL AGAIN. I will take your life, body, and soul, you see I am a shape shifter, and a soul reaper ALWAYS looking for damned souls, your life will become my and a part of me for all eternity,† â€Å"SO DO YOU AGREE? † Steven says whose eyes were turning red. Yes I agree â€Å" replies Tommy, â€Å"Great, I will know when the job is done†, Steven says before vanishing. It is 2:00 a. m. , fueled with drunken rage, Tommy has not been sleep, â€Å"I can’t sleep, today is the day that Blair’s lover dies,† Tommy says. With his bottle of Jack Daniels in hand and his rifle in his car, Tommy drives to the Magic Theatre, and falls asleep on the roof-top across the street from his wife and her lovers place. It is now 7:00 a. m. , Tom my wakes to hear Blair’s laughter, he then again props himself along the ledge with his rifle assembled and aimed. Tommy sets his scope and waits for Blair to leave, â€Å"See you later Amore†, Blair says â€Å"Okay† says Michael with a look of disgust as he walks back into the Magic Theatre. Ready to aim, Tommy fires his rifle and the bullet shoots out the barrel like lighting, â€Å"BOW†. Michael turns and blocks the bullet with his supernatural powers, when he sees’ Tommy on the roof-top across the street from his building. Michael throws the bullet back toward Tommy knocking his rifle off of the ledge and onto the sidewalk. â€Å"Fool† Michael says as he walks back into the Magic Theatre. Failing miserably, Tommy rushes home to gather his things to escapes Steven’s raft. Barreling into his townhouse flat, Tommy begins packing his things to go back to the United States. â€Å"I have to get away from the liers, cheaters, and most importantly I must keep my soul,† Tommy says laughing nervously. Suddenly Steven appears in a puff of black smoke, â€Å"YOU HAVE FAILED, I WILL SUCCEED WITHOUT YOU!!! † Without a word Steven steals Tommy’s soul, and has the power to now shape shift into Tommy and back to himself. Steven now pleased with enough power to conquer Michael, along with Tommy’s body. The next morning, Steven walks up to Michael and grabs his chest looking into Michael’s eyes, Steven says â€Å"You will NEVER Be ME† showing his true face. â€Å"STEVEN!!! † Michael says before falling dead. Gaining all of Michaels power and stealing his soul, Steven decides to continue roaming the Earth for eternity searching for new souls to take. Meanwhile, Blair reading the morning paper, see’s that her lover Michael has died, she immediately breaks down and goes mentally, physically, and emotionally insane. Her wealthy family finds her homeless in downtown Paris. We have searched all over for you†, Blair’s mother says as tears roll down her cheeks, â€Å"our daughter has become delusional,† Blair’s father says. â€Å"She’s has all these crazy fantasies of magic spells, of disappearing shape shifting men. † â€Å"And all she keeps repeating and the end of all of this nonsense is PIERCING WICKED GREEN EYES, PIE RCING WICKED GREEN EYES, PIERCING WICKED GREEN EYES†, before fainting Blair’s father adds. â€Å"We will just have to admit her, she has gone insane my daughter always believed in that magic nonsense† as he walks away. Blair’s mother kisses her good-bye and they transport her to The Paris Asylum, for the Mentally Insane. It is now Sunday morning, and Natasha McBain wakes up with hope of true love in her eyes. As she begins her day, she walks out of her penthouse suit onto the sidewalk and she says to herself, â€Å" Today will be the day that I will FINALLY tell Johnny Chan how I truly feel,† says Natasha sipping her coffee. â€Å"This time without magic or tricks,† her eyes changing from blue to red as she puts on her shades. How to cite The Wrong Side of Attraction, Papers

Organization Sales Forecast for Justification

Question: Discuss about theOrganization Sales Forecast for Justification. Answer: Introduction Sales forecast of any organization is done to assess the possible accomplishment of objectives set by any upcoming organization related sales of that organization. This forecast is made to understand the basic features of selling the products chosen by the company. A practical sales forecast can make the company able to understand deployment of its working capital which is being derived through the calculation of balancing current assets over current liabilities. It is always found that projected sales is guiding the organization towards its procurement, sales and marketing infrastructure and the respective strategy fixation related to sales of the said company. It is ideally accepted that sales forecast should be realistic keeping in mind the capacity of company so far its financial ability is concerned. A small upcoming company needs this instrument to evaluate its need of capital for procurement materials for production and subsequent sales. Hence a proper sales forecast can guide the company towards its future journey in more sustainable manner. (Berry) A realistic sale forecast needs to cover all SKUs to be sold by the company. It should consider the cost of sales and other costs including variable and fixed costs. In case of determination of sales forecast, a company should analyze its ability to sale all SKUs presented by the company for sale. The sale may be from own counter, or from distribution channel, but the basic criterion of this aspect is to understand the ability of the company to afford the costs related to sales operation along with other relevant costs allied to this operation. (Rath, 2016) The basic needs of preparation of sales forecast demand realistic view towards selection of products, the fixation of price, the way the company wants to present them through its marketing strategy, and with the strategy of recovering the money from the debtors. It is mandatory for any business plan to project a good sales forecast which can guide the management to act as per the need of the company. Critical analysis of SKUs with its nature and the expected response from the target audience are the main features for making a sales forecast. Sales Forecast of XX Herbal products are attached as spreadsheet. The basic considerations of this forecast are depending upon following criteria:- The rate of service for naturopathy is considered as $110 for new members and $ 80 for existing members. The anticipated numbers of clients in the form of new and old are mentioned in the column No.s/Growth %. The sales of health foods and caf foods are being anticipated with a base figure of 70,000 and 60,000 respectively for the month of June 2001. The company Is aspiring 175% growth in health foods and 120% growth in caf foods business to ensure its sustainability. The company has projected naturopathy service to have clients of around 160 by end of the F Y 2001-02. P L A/c Projection with Justification Profit and Loss a/c is the financial statement which can feature the financial position of the company for any specific financial period by considering the revenue generated and the respective expenses made for this revenue generation. While starting a new business, the entrepreneur should make a projected P L A/c to understand where he can reach after the specified period. It is often found that good entrepreneur makes this statement for financial period of longer tenure to assess and understand the viability of this business so far return is concerned. (Score, 2016) To make any projection of anticipated P L, the entrepreneur should consider realistic revenue projection, along with cost of sales and other cost factors keeping in mind the effect of inflation trend for future as per statistics provided by the country statistical board. It is also to be considered that the balance of incoming and outgoing funds is to be maintained which is done through projected cash flow statement. The main assumptions related to P L A/c projection of any organization are relevant expenses in the nature of fixed and variable costs. It is mostly found that unrealistic p L projection may lead the new entrepreneur to confusion as, if the real life figures do not match with projected presentation, the entrepreneur has to find some other strategies to prove the viability of the project with the objective of making the project sustainable. (ANZ) The Projected P L of XX Herbal Products are made as per the considerations mentioned below which is features in the business plan: The company has service in the form of naturopathy and products in the forms of health foods and caf foods to offer to their clients. Cost of sales for health foods are anticipated as 45 % of revenue and for caf foods @35% of revenue of respective segment. There is no cost of sales for naturopathy as it is a service. Salary had been estimated as $ 5000 for 9 employees. In September, one employee is projected to be absorbed for health food division. The projection also features addition of one employee more in December and 2 more in Jan till end of the financial year to manage the operation of the company Other different expenses are projected head-wise as per anticipation. Incentives to staff are being anticipated on quarterly basis as per accomplishment of corporate objectives set for them individually and collectively as well. Rent was projected as $ 1,000 which is subject to projected enhancement in January 2002. Expenses under head Utilities will cover different charges like electricity, water and cleaning charges. Insurance is being estimated for covering the fixed assets of the company. Depreciation is being projected for fixed assets of the company. References: ANZ. (n.d.). ANZ Small Business Hub. (ANZ, Producer) Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from The Small Busienss Hub: https://thesbhub.com.au/tools-and-templates/how-to-forecast-profit-and-loss Berry, T. (n.d.). BPlans Starting a business made easy. Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from BPlans-How to Forecast Sales: https://articles.bplans.com/how-to-forecast-sales/ Rath, T. (2016, 09 20). Sales Forecasting for Your Business Plan: Know Your Numbers. Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from The Balance: https://www.thebalance.com/sales-forecasting-for-business-plan-2951566 Score. (2016, 06 14). 12-Month Profit and Loss Projection. Retrieved 11 16, 2016, from Score: https://www.score.org/resource/12-month-profit-and-loss-projection